A Great Port of Ancient Pamphylia
Side Ancient City History & Significance
Discover the story of a powerful Mediterranean port that developed through local Anatolian,
Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine civilizations.
Side was established as an important settlement by the 7th century BC on a narrow peninsula
extending into the Mediterranean. Its natural harbor and strategic coastal position helped it become one of the leading
commercial centers of ancient Pamphylia. The name “Side” is traditionally connected with the word
pomegranate in the local language.
The city passed through the control of several major powers, including Lydia, Persia and Alexander the Great.
After Alexander’s death, Side moved between Hellenistic kingdoms before later coming under the influence of Pergamon,
Rome and the Byzantine Empire. Despite these political changes, it often maintained a strong local identity and commercial importance.
Side reached its greatest prosperity during the Roman period. Wealth generated through maritime trade supported the construction of
monumental public buildings, including the theatre, agoras, baths, temples, fountains, aqueducts and broad colonnaded streets.
Much of the monumental architecture visible today belongs to this flourishing Roman phase.
During the Byzantine era, Side became an important religious center and received churches, basilicas and other Christian buildings.
The city later declined following repeated instability, attacks and changing trade conditions. By the medieval period it had largely been abandoned,
before Cretan Muslim families settled among the ruins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and established the modern settlement known as Selimiye.