From Pamphylia to the Roman Empire
Aspendos History & Significance
Discover how a prosperous river city became home to one of the ancient world’s greatest surviving theatres.
Aspendos stood beside the ancient Eurymedon River, today known as the Köprüçay, in the historical region of Pamphylia.
The river was once navigable and connected the city with the Mediterranean, helping Aspendos develop through agriculture, trade and regional commerce.
Archaeological and historical evidence shows that the settlement had already become important by the 5th century BC.
According to ancient tradition, Aspendos was founded by Argive colonists led by the hero Mopsos after the Trojan War.
The city later came under Persian control, entered the sphere of Alexander the Great and passed through the Hellenistic kingdoms.
Its most prosperous architectural period arrived under Roman rule, when monumental civic buildings, water systems and the celebrated theatre were constructed.
The theatre was built during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius in the 2nd century AD.
Inscriptions identify its architect as Zenon, son of Theodorus, and record that the building was presented to the city by two wealthy brothers,
Curtius Crispinus and Curtius Auspicatus. Its integrated stage building, semicircular auditorium and covered upper gallery make it one of the finest surviving examples of Roman theatre design.
Aspendos continued to be used during the Byzantine and Seljuk periods. In the 13th century, the theatre was repaired and adapted during the Seljuk era,
probably serving for a time as a palace or caravanserai-related residence. These repairs played an important role in its exceptional survival.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk visited Aspendos in 1930 and encouraged its restoration and continued cultural use.
In 2015, The Theatre and Aqueducts of the Ancient City of Aspendos were added to Türkiye’s UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List.
The nomination recognizes both the architectural preservation of the theatre and the technological importance of the aqueduct system.