A Maritime City of Ancient Lycia
Phaselis History & Significance
Discover how geography, maritime trade and imperial connections shaped one of the most important ancient cities near
Antalya.
Phaselis Ancient City was founded on a small peninsula extending into the Mediterranean during the
7th century BC, traditionally by settlers from Rhodes. Its position between sheltered bays and the forested slopes
of the Taurus Mountains made it an ideal harbor settlement and an important commercial link between the Mediterranean coast and inland Anatolia.
Phaselis had three separate harbors: the North Harbor, the Central Harbor—also known as the Military or War Harbor—and
the South Harbor. Maritime trade became the city’s main source of wealth, and ships even appeared on its coins as symbols of its identity.
Over time, Phaselis came under Persian, Carian and regional rule before welcoming Alexander the Great in 333 BC.
The city joined the Lycian League in 167 BC, later experienced a period of piracy and entered Roman control in 43 BC.
Roman rule brought reconstruction and several centuries of prosperity. Emperor Hadrian visited Phaselis in AD 129,
and monumental structures were associated with his arrival, including the ceremonial gateway at the entrance to the South Harbor avenue.
During the Byzantine period, Phaselis became a bishopric and remained regionally important for several centuries. Raids, earthquakes,
changing trade routes and the gradual loss of harbor functionality contributed to its decline. By the beginning of the 13th century,
the city had largely been abandoned. Most visible remains today date from the Roman and Byzantine periods.
Phaselis is included among the Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization, entered on Türkiye’s UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2009.
Its archaeological importance is strengthened by the unusually complete relationship between the ancient city, its harbors and its natural coastal setting.