From Byzantine Monastery to Kariye Mosque
Chora Church History & Significance
Discover the long story behind one of the most artistically important buildings in
Istanbul.
The name Chora comes from the Greek word meaning “country” or “outside the city.”
The earliest religious foundation on the site stood beyond the walls of Constantine’s original city.
Although Istanbul later expanded and the monument came within the great Theodosian walls, the historic name remained.
Much of the present building developed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the church was rebuilt
and repaired under members of the Byzantine imperial court. Its greatest transformation came between approximately
1316 and 1321, when the scholar, statesman and imperial patron
Theodore Metochites sponsored an ambitious restoration and decorative program.
During this period, artists covered the inner and outer narthexes with intricate mosaics and decorated the
southern funerary chapel, known as the parekklesion, with monumental frescoes.
These works are admired for their movement, emotional expression, architectural depth and sophisticated storytelling.
Following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, the building continued as a church for a time before being converted
into a mosque by Hadım Atik Ali Pasha in the early 16th century. Its Christian images were covered rather
than destroyed, which helped many of them survive.
The building became a museum in the mid-20th century, and major conservation work by the Byzantine Institute of America
and Dumbarton Oaks revealed and stabilized its mosaics and frescoes. Its status changed again in 2020, and after further
restoration it reopened for worship in 2024 as Kariye Mosque.
Chora forms part of the wider Historic Areas of Istanbul UNESCO World Heritage property.
Today, it remains both a living religious building and one of the world’s most important surviving monuments of
Late Byzantine art.